Music the Medicine of the Mind - 784 Words

Music can have effects on the human brain that are hard to exaggerate. For instance, a mere snippet of song can trigger one’s memories so vividly. A tune can induce emotions ranging from unabashed joy to deep sorrow and can drive listeners into states of patriotic fervour or religious frenzy--to say nothing of its legendary ability to soothe the savage beast. The study of how music affects the mind and the interconnection between music and the physical and mental health of human beings has been a subject of interest for many. Music is known to speed the recovery of health ailments and has a calming effect on the mind. Music helps fight anxiety and has a soothing effect on the brain. Music may affect the brain/mind by increasing creativity†¦show more content†¦Ellen Weber; â€Å"Classical music, such as Haydn and Mozart, often improves concentration and memory when played in the background.† Hence, music helps increase your concentration levels a great deal. In addition, music has a calming effect on the mind, so, the calmer the mind, the easier it is to focus and concentrate. Additionally, music has been found to increase memory levels of Alzheimer s and dementia patients. The silence between two musical notes triggers brain cells which are responsible for the development of sharp memory. Flute music, and instruments like the santoor and sarod are recommended for the enhancement of concentration and memory. Also, classical music improves the ability to recall what s retained in the brain in the form of memory. Strong beats cause the brain waves to resonate in synch with the beat, thus, leading to increased levels of concentration and increased mental alertness. Moreover, music acts as a catalyst in the healing process. According to the online article â€Å"Music and the Healing Process† from the Thorburn Associates Acoustic and Technology Consultants website, â€Å"There is also significant research that music can be used in medicine to help manage pain, reduce anxiety†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Hence, music is an effective distraction from pain and suffering of the sick and injured, however, music not only diverts the mind from pain, but also helps bring about certain chemical changes in the brain, such as, enabling one’s mind to secreteShow MoreRelatedThe Benefits of Complementary and Alternative Medicine Essay1495 Words   |  6 Pagesmethods fall under the category of complementary and alternative medicine. According to Sandra Augustyn Lawton in Complementary and Alternative Medicine for Teens, complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) can be defined as â€Å"a group of diverse medical and health care systems, practices, and products that are not presently considered to be part of conventional medicine† (Lawton, 2007, p.3). Although complementary and alternative medicines are often interpreted as the same thing, complementary methodsRead MoreThe Effects Of Music Therapy On Children With Health And Personal Problems921 Words   |  4 Pagesfound helps me go to sleep better is listening to music. For my research I will share how the sound of music can help you fall asleep and make you feel better. With the help of music I believe we do not need to prescribe drugs for something that can be cured in a natural way. Music is used for many different things. It is just not for personal enjoyment anymore; it is a part of everyday life. There are now a lot of research that shows that music therapy is new way to help with health and personalRead MoreOpinion Essay929 Words   |  4 Pages Music is the best type of Art What is art? Everyone knows about it, but could you say a lot about music? May be yes, may be no. Music is the best type of art. Before proving it , let’s talk about what music means. Music is an art form which medium is sound and silence. In many cultures music is an important part of people. Music contains all their history. May be for someone music is just noise of instruments, but not for me. Music reflects history, people’sRead MoreEssay On Complementary Therapies1141 Words   |  5 PagesThe demand for the integration of complementary and traditional medicine into healthcare practice is on the rise. In the United States, an estimated 1 in 9 children from birth to 18 years old use complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) (Burns et al., 2017). Use is increasing among some of the most vulnerable populations of children such as those with chronic, recurrent, or incurable disorders (McClafferty et al., 2017). Chronic health conditions are often more effecti vely addressed with theRead MoreEastern Medicine : A Healing System1443 Words   |  6 PagesBlackman 2 Eastern Medicine is a healing system that has been carefully developed all throughout China over the course of thousands of years, resulting in various forms of therapy. There are many focuses and principles in these methods, such as enhancing the body’s capacities and bolstering the body’s immunities for restoring and sustaining health. Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) has a great emphasis on natural remedies; staying grounded to earth by exploring the body s interactions with allRead MoreThe Efficacy Of Music Therapy Intervention844 Words   |  4 Pagesthe efficacy of music therapy intervention. Scientists have taken several approaches in determining if music allows an autistic child to become more socially engaged. The current debate is that children who have autism have social engagement problems that cannot be trained or controlled. Science is now debunking that argument as more research and evidence is emerging, showing improvements in autistic childrenâ₠¬â„¢s social interactions. Working thesis: Studies on the efficacy of music therapy are providingRead MoreIf Music Be the Food of Love, Play on1089 Words   |  5 PagesIf Music be the Food of Love, Play on   Ã‚  Ã‚   Music is a moral law. It gives soul to the universe, wings to the mind, flight to the imagination; Music itself is a form of mood, it’s an explosive expression. Its something we are all touched by. No matter what culture were from, everyone loves music. As Bob Marley said â€Å"One good thing about music, when it hits you, you feel no pain.† There are certain times good and bad in my life that I can remember just by a song that might play. It’s that recollectionRead MoreHow Music Affects The Way Surgeons802 Words   |  4 Pagessuper stressed out I listen to music. It makes me forget about everything and just focus on myself. So I was wondering, does music affect the way surgeons preform during surgery? I have always wondered how doctors or surgeons kept their calm in high-pressure situations and does it have to do with the biology of one’s mind? â€Å"Confession. I listen to Lady Gaga in the operating room. Except when I do a face lift.â₠¬  Anthony Youn, M.D. admits. Apparently the type of music your surgeon plays really doesRead MoreAlternative Medicine On The Body And The Brain1272 Words   |  6 PagesAlternative medicine is based on the belief that the body and the brain can heal themselves and prevent illness. Alternative medicine focuses on the use of natural means to build up one s energy and immune system for wellness and prevention. Alternative medicine focuses on improving brain chemistry through natural means. It focuses on getting the body to take care of itself. Alternative medicine is based on the premise that health is impacted by the energy body, the conscious and subconscious mind and theRead MoreEssay about Alternative Methods of Healing: Music Therapy1561 Words   |  7 Pagesby non-western medicine for generations. The use of acupuncture to heal everything from seasickness to muscle soreness is well documented and widely used. Physical therapy is often a precursor to surgery and many times will prevent the need to undergo a more invasive procedure. A lesser-known form of alternative healing but becoming more popular is music therapy. In the late 18th century, scientists began to investigate the effects of music on the human body; however, using music as a healing medium

Sample Resume Training Program - 754 Words

Seyon’s Training Program – 2016 Introduction I hope to increase my muscular strength and endurance, in order to improve my performance levels in agility based activities, that require high frequency. This program, will assist myself in improving my, stability and physical endurance, to become successful in my lifestyle and become healthier. Important Areas Agility – To avoid being halted by an opponent, need to be able to swerve and change direction. Muscular Strength – To be able to shoot a basketball from a far distance. Coordination – Focusing on the basketball itself. Power – To be able to jump as well as reach for the ball and the best given opportunity. Training/FITT Principle The frequency of this workout,†¦show more content†¦The core, is the base upon which all movement occurs. Using mats and stability ball exercises, I would like to increase my core strength to improve my performance levels in basketball and other endurance and strength based sports. Using 70-85% of my 1 Rep Max for 1-3 sets of 6-8 reps my core strength should see quick gains. Underlying Principles: According to the principles of FITT, my program should be approached in a way that I, myself receives the best overall outcome out of the fitness program. Each exercise shall be done completely, and in a way, that pushes the muscles and exerts force on the muscles, to prepare them towards the type of fitness goal. Workouts: Muscular Endurance My endurance program will be based upon on a 5 day program as follows: *These should be repeated in order to be sufficient. Day 1 – (Core /Triceps) Day 2 – (Lower Back and Biceps) Day 3 – (Legs) Day 4 – (Arms) Day 5 – (Muscular Endurance) Each day will begin with warm up/cardio, and a flexibility session. Warmup and flexibility are a very important component of my program, in terms of increasing performance and decreasing the risk of injuring myself. As we progress onwards, the risk of injury decreases. Pre Workout Training Plan: OBJECTIVES/GOALS: Prepare and Condition the body, towards the

Interface Design Professional & Scientific Staff Management

Task 1: You are assigned a role to develop a new system based on the project case study. Draw a context diagram and a level-0 DFD for it. Answer1: Introduction The report is describing the Professional and Scientific Staff Management (PSSM) System. Professional and Scientific Staff Management (PSSM) provide temporary staffs to companies for some specific jobs. The report is describing the complete management system of Professional and Scientific Staff Management by using UML diagrams. Context diagram, use case diagram, class diagram, activity diagram and sequence diagram are showing the complete process of Professional and Scientific Staff Management (PSSM) System. The basic flow of the PSSM system is being described by Context diagram while use case diagram is showing the complete behaviour of the Professional and Scientific Staff Management (PSSM) system. The domain class model is showing the objects, classes and attributes which are being used in the Professional and Scientific Staff Management (PSSM) system. Without domain class model; the system will not be developed. Thus every model is necessary to describe and implement a good system. Activity diagram shows the workflow of every process of the entire system graphically while the system sequence diagram shows every aspect like actors, events, their order and complete flow of events of the entire system. Context Diagram and Level 0 Diagram The Context diagram is showing the graphical presentation of the data flow of the entire system. It is the basic unit for any project analysis. It shows the scope and boundary of the entire system. (Modern Analyst Media LLC 2014) Task 2: Draw a use case diagram by using the Level-0 DFD that you provided in Task 1. Note: Your use case diagram directly relates to the information in Level-0 diagram, but it will also relate to the same system presented as in the context diagram Answer2: Use Case Diagram Use Case Diagram is showing the complete behaviour of the Professional and Scientific Staff Management (PSSM) system. The use case diagram shows all the internal and external users of the system. It is showing all the process and all the users of the PSSM system Task 3: Develop a domain model class diagram for the system based on the project case study. Answer3: The domain class model is the conceptual model. The above domain class model is showing the objects, classes and attributes which are being used in the Professional and Scientific Staff Management (PSSM) system. It is describing all constrains in the system for all cases. It is not showing the solution of the problems which will occur in the PSSM system. (Scott W. Ambler, 2014). Task 4: Develop an activity diagram for the scenario Answer 4: Activity Diagram The Activity diagram shows the complete graphical representation of workflow of all the activities in the system. It shows each and every step of the activity and shows all constrains and validations for each activity differently. The above diagram is showing all activities with all possible conditions in the Professional and Scientific Staff Management (PSSM) system. (Microsoft 2015) Task 5: Using the Activity Diagram above, produce a system sequence diagram, i.e. only include two swimlanes one for the actor (PSSM employee) and the other for the entire system as a system class object. Answer 5: System Sequence Diagram The system sequence diagram shows all the actors, events, their order and complete flow of events of the system. It can show the complete flow of the use case of the system. The above diagram is showing all actors, events and their order in the Professional and Scientific Staff Management (PSSM) system. It is showing the objects required in the PSSM system and the events held between them and the order of the events in which it will occur. (Microsoft Corporation 2015) One object is Client Company, one is Contact Manager and another one is PSSM System, is being displayed in the above system sequence diagram. Every flow between these objects is clearly visible in the diagram which is very useful to understand the flow of the system. Conclusion The report of Professional and Scientific Staff Management (PSSM) System is defining the complete understand of the system. It is showing context diagram, use case diagram, class diagram, activity diagram and sequence diagram. Every class, object and attributes which are necessary to implement the system are defined by class diagram and every case which can be occur to implement the best system is defined in the report. The new system has some changes than previous system. In new system, the right to update the database will be given to only one person to escape data mismatch in the system. Thus every person has no right to update database like previous system which was the major reason of degradation of the system but the new proposed system is eliminating this drawback and improving the performance. References [1] Microsoft Corporation, D 2015, Create a UML Sequence Diagram, viewed 9th Jan 2015 [2] Microsoft, D 2015, UML Activity Diagrams: Guidelines, viewed 9th Jan 2015 [3] Modern Analyst Media LLC, D 2014, Interviews Questions for Business Analysts and System Analysts, viewed 9th Jan 2015 [4] uml-diagrams.org, D 2014, UML Use Case Diagrams, viewed 9th Jan 2015 [5] Scott W. Ambler, D 2014, UML2 Class Diagrams: An Agile Introduction, viewed 9th Jan 2015

Baseball Essay Research Paper Baseball is a free essay sample

Baseball Essay, Research Paper Baseball is a game of accomplishment that is played with a difficult ball and a chiropteran between two squads of nine participants each at a clip on the playing field at one time. Although many different people play Baseball all over the universe it is most popular in the United States. It is so popular in fact, it is referred to as the national interest of the United States because of the tradition and popularity associated with the game. Baseball consists of many complicated regulations. It besides has a really luxuriant history. One can non to the full understand the game America has grown to love until larning about non merely the regulations but besides the history. History A popular fable of the history of baseball claims that Abner Doubleday, who was a Union officer during the American Civil War, invented baseball in Cooperstown, New York, in 1839. However, there is small support for this narrative. A more accurate response to the inquiry of how baseball originated would be that many bookmans believe that baseball was invented long before one would believe. For case there is grounds of games played with a ball and a stick even in the earliest of civilisations such as the ancient civilizations or the Persians and Egyptians. Such games continued to be played by civilisations throughout history but it was non until the early 1600s that Europeans foremost brought games affecting a ball and a stick to the Americas. There were assorted games played with a ball and a stick but the 1 that most resembled baseball was an English game called Rounders. The regulations of Rounderss are more crude than the 1s of modern twenty-four hours baseball but it was from this game which baseball as we know it most straight originated from. HOW BASEBALL IS PLAYED The regulations of baseball may look really complicated but they are most easy understood by watching the game itself. First of all a baseball game is divided up into 9 different periods called innings. After nine innings are up the squad that scored the most runs wins the game. Play begins when a hurler throws the ball toward a participant on the opposing squad. The hurler tries to throw the ball in the work stoppage zone, which is an fanciful box. If the ball is in the work stoppage zone, it is a work stoppage if non it is a ball. The participant whom the ball was thrown at attempts to hit the ball onto the playing field. A tally is scored when a participant hits the ball and runs around a series of bases before a participant on the other squad can acquire them out. A participant can be put out in many different ways. Each frame is divided into two halves, the underside, and the top. In each half of an inning one squad chiropterans while the other plays the field. If the mark is ti ed after nine innings are over so the game is continued into excess innings and is concluded when one squad is winning after an excess frame. These are the basic regulations of baseball. THE FIELD AND EQUIPMENT Baseball is played on a field, which normally covers about two estates. The field is divided into an baseball diamond and an outfield. These two parts are considered just district and the remainder of the field is considered foul. The baseball diamond is in the form of a diamond and is 90 foot on each side. One point of the diamond is place home base which hitters hit from. The other three points are bases: foremost, 2nd, and 3rd base. In the center of the diamond is a hurlers hill which is somewhat raised off the land. The borders of the diamond from place home base to first base and place home base to 3rd base are the disgusting lines, which extend all the manner to the wall in the outfield. Behind first base is right field, behind 2nd base is called centre field, and behind 3rd base is called left field. Fences are placed at the farthest bounds in the outfield. In disgusting district beyond the disgusting lines in the baseball diamond are dugouts where participants sit when they a re non playing or waiting to bat. Baseball besides consists of many pieces of equipment. Baseball equipment includes the followers: a difficult ball which has a cork centre and has a perimeter of 9 in. , a chiropteran made out of wood or aluminium, a cushioned leather baseball mitt which each participant uses to catch the ball, cleated places, and a helmet worn by hitters. There are certain regulations that limit the size, weight, and form of certain equipment. THE BASEBALL TEAM A baseball squad has nine participants on the field at one time. Each participant plays a specific place. The hurler throws the ball from the hurlers mound to get down drama. Each throw is called a pitch. The backstop receives the ball and returns it to the hurler unless the hitter hits the ball foremost. Besides catchin g pitches, the backstop covers place home base as good. The first baseman, 2nd baseman, and 3rd baseman are each in charge of a base. The shortstop bases in between 2nd and 3rd base. The infielders are responsible for acquiring the ball and seting out smugglers when the ball is hit to them. There are three outfielders who each base in left, right, and halfway field severally. While one squad is in the field the other 1 is at chiropteran. The squad chiropterans in a specific order. COACHES AND UMPIRES Several people help maintain the game under control such as directors, managers, and umpires. The director is the leader of the squad and decides whom dramas, where they play, and the order they bat in. Coaches assist the director and do determinations such as if a hitter should swing at a pitch or non. Umpires keep the game under control by implementing the regulations of the game and the regulations of behavior. For case, they decide if a pitch is a work stoppage or a ball. If a participant, manager, or director violates the regulations of behavior, the umpire might chuck out him from the game. Runing THE BASES If a participant hits the ball and the fielders cant field it he is awarded a base hit. When the smuggler gets a base hit he tries to progress as many bases as possible without acquiring out. Once a hitter reaches a base he can progress by stealing the base, running before the hurler throws the ball, or when another participant hits the ball in drama. Marking A tally is scored when a participant successfully makes it around all the bases without being put out. There are different ways to acquire around the bases. If a hitter goes around all the bases with one hit it is considered a place tally. A place tally is normally achieved by hitting the ball over the outfield fencing. When a participant hits a place tally, all other participants on base mark besides. If there is a adult male on all three bases and a participant hits a place tally it is considered a expansive sweep. THE MAJOR LEAGUES Although baseball is played professionally all over the universe the most celebrated conference is the Major League Baseball Association of North America. The big leagues is made up of two conferences, the National League and the American League, with 15 squads in each conference. There are three divisions in each conference with five squads in each division. Each squad plays 162 games in a season and depending on their regular season record they may or may non do the playoffs. The six leaders in all the divisions all make the playoffs ; in add-on, the squad with the following best record in each conference makes the playoff as a wild card. The squads compete in series. The squads that win the most games in a series earn the right to travel on to the following unit of ammunition of playoffs. The concluding series in the conference playoffs determines which team wins the crown, or title, of their conference. After that, the title-holders of each conference drama eachother in the World Series. The victor of that game is considered the universe title-holder. PROFESSIONAL BASEBALL Many people may see professional Baseball every bit merely a clump of money hungry jocks viing for money non for their love of the game. This may or may non be true, but it was non ever like that. Up until the 1850s baseball was merely played to hold merriment and people played for their love and passion for the game non for money, but people started to see that money could be made from baseball so they started leasing out large parts of land so people could play. After that conferences were established and jocks started to be paid to play athleticss. This was a sad twenty-four hours for all the people who loved the game of baseball and all the tradition that surrounded it. Although participants were acquiring wages the tradition was still carried with the great athletics of baseball. Even though some of the tradition was lost when the game of baseball started to be played for money there were still those participants who played the game with all their bosom and psyche because they had a passion for it. So the people who started the tradition of baseball and made America? s pastime great such as Babe Ruth, Honus Wagner, and Joe DiMaggio will ever be remembered by those who play with the passion that resembles that of the work forces that were mentioned such as Ken Griffey, Jr. and Derek Jeter. These participants will forever acknowledge what a great game they are so privileged to be a portion of by its history, regulations, and the participants that made it all happen. Even if one does non hold every bit much passion for baseball as others one likely still hold with The Babe ( Babe Ruth ) when he said, ? Baseball was, is and ever will be to me the best game in the universe. ?

8 Tips for Building Company Culture

Growing a team can prove just as challenging as building one up from scratch. Our co-founder, Lydia, gave a talk today at Draper University, detailing everything from her experience on building a company to growing the team. Lydia shares some valuable tips for expanding companies looking to establish a solid, reliable team: 1. Hire: Sunday Test. Ask yourselfif you were to go into the office on a Sunday, and you saw John, would you be excited to work or let out an exasperated sigh? You want to hire people you are excited to work with! 2. Avoid Dogmatic People. Test potential hires for dogmatic personality traits. It is important to have employees that are flexible and open to new ideas. In our interview process, we challenge interviewee’s suggestions to see how they react to suggestions and criticisms. 3. Ensure Intrinsic Motivation. You want employees to feel personally invested in the company and know they are making an impact. While equity and bonuses help, there are other ways to remind employees of their value to the company. You want them to take ownership of their work and call them to be accountable for their ideas. 4. Encourage Career Growth. Be an advisor to your employees. Find out what their career goals are. What are their interests besides their current role? Taking an interest in your employees and acting as a support system will help improve morale and productivity. 5. Decide on Data. Developer’s hours are sacred, but never shoot down an idea outright. Explain your concerns and if your employees are persistent, establish what you would need in terms of mock-ups and data to consider before introducing it to a developer. 6. Ask, Don’t Tell. Like the previous point mentioned, give employees control of their work. They want to feel as though you respect them and their decision-making process. A subtle, yet effective way to communicate this, is to ask, rather than flat out commanding. 7. Focus on Culture. Create a company culture that people want to be a part of without going overboard. Little things such as playing Cards Against Humanity, or going on outings to shows like Aziz Ansari and Amy Schumer create strong team relationships. 8. Don’t be too soft. You can’t please everyone all the time. It’s normal to hire friends when you’re starting out, but they might not be the best long term fit. You will have to make cuts. It will temporarily hurt morale, but in the long run, people will be happier if the company is successful. See which points best relates to your team, and what can be improved on. For more insights into building a company and growing a team, don’t forget to check out the full video!

The Difference Between a City and a Town

The Difference Between a City and a Town Do you live in a city or a town? Depending on where you live, the definition of these two terms may vary, as will the official designation that is given to a certain community. In general, though, cities are larger than towns. Whether any given town is officially designated with the term town, however, will vary based on the country and state it is located in. The Difference Between a City and a Town In the United States, an incorporated  city  is a legally defined government entity. It has powers delegated by the state and county and the local laws, regulations, and policies are created and approved by the voters of the city and their representatives. A city can provide local government services to its citizens. In many places in the U.S., a town, village, community, or neighborhood is simply an unincorporated community with no governmental powers. County governments typically provide services to these unincorporated communities.Some states do have official designations of towns that include limited powers. Generally, in the urban hierarchy, villages are smaller than towns and towns are smaller than cities, though this is not always the case.   How Urban Areas are Defined Throughout the World It is difficult to compare countries based on the percentage of urban population. Many countries have different definitions of the  population size necessary to make a community urban. For example, in Sweden and Denmark, a village of 200 residents is considered to be an urban population, but it takes 30,000 residents to make a city in Japan. Most other countries fall somewhere in between. Australian and Canadian cities have a minimum of 1,000 citizens.Israel and France have a minimum of 2,000 citizens.The United States and Mexico have a minimum of 2,500 citizens. Due to these differences, we have a problem with comparisons. Let us assume that in Japan and in Denmark there are 100 villages of 250 people each. In Denmark, all of these 25,000 people are counted as urban residents but in Japan, the residents of these 100 villages are all rural populations. Similarly, a single city with a population of 25,000 would be an urban area in Denmark but not in Japan. Japan is 78 percent  and Denmark is 85 percent  urbanized. Unless we are aware of what size of a population makes an area urban we cannot simply compare the two percentages and say Denmark is more urbanized than Japan. The following table includes the  minimum population that is considered urban in a sampling of countries throughout the world. It also lists the percent of the countrys residents which are urbanized. Not surprisingly, some countries with a higher minimum population have a lower percentage of ​urbanized population. In addition, the  urban population in almost every country is rising, some more significantly than others. This is a modern trend that has been noted over the last few decades and is most often attributed to  people moving to cities to pursue work. Country Min. Pop. 1997 Urban Pop. 2015 Urban Pop. Sweden 200 83% 86% Denmark 200 85% 88% South Africa 500 57% 65% Australia 1,000 85% 89% Canada 1,000 77% 82% Israel 2,000 90% 92% France 2,000 74% 80% United States 2,500 75% 82% Mexico 2,500 71% 79% Belgium 5,000 97% 98% Iran 5,000 58% 73% Nigeria 5,000 16% 48% Spain 10,000 64% 80% Turkey 10,000 63% 73% Japan 30,000 78% 93% Sources Hartshorn, Truman A.  Interpreting the City: An Urban Geography. 1992.Famighetti, Robert (ed.).  The World Almanac and Book of Facts. 1997.World Bank Group. Urban Population (% of total). 2016.

Species Divergence Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Species Divergence - Essay Example physiology, the mode of interaction with its environment, nutrition regime, etc. While evolutionist ideas may be discerned in several pre-modern scholars’ ruminations, it was only with the advent of the 18th century Enlightenment that modern evolutionary theories formed, with that of Charles Darwin soon taking the pre-eminent place among them. The formation of currently mainstream version of evolutionary biology was immensely helped by the respective advances in the fields of genetics and molecular biology, which helped define the organic basis for evolutionary processes. From a biological organization point of view, evolution proceeds on a species level, as individuals comprising a species do not themselves evolve over the course of their lifespan. However, the results of their interaction with the environment enable the accumulation of new heritable responses within their genotype structures, giving rise to a process of natural selection. The latter, in its turn, conditions the changes in the species’ phenotype (i.e. the complex of biological features). Natural selection may be properly defined as a gradual process of genetic variation whereby the individuals with most favorable gene combinations are more frequently able to transplant their genes to subsequent generations of a species, so that their descendants will define the face of their species. While natural selection process is individual, being transmitted across a species only indirectly, it is genotype of a species as a whole that it impacts on, so that heritable changes in those individuals’ genotypes that are favored by natural selection are spread to the subsequent generations of a species as a whole. The mechanisms of natural selection are varied; however, some of them may be assigned more prominent roles in its perpetration. Of those, ecological selection, with an emphasis on fitting with one’s biological environment, and sexual selection, with an individual’s fecundity and ability to find prospective sexual partners as a key factor, may be considered the primary ones. In turn, these mechanisms may be sub-divided into more specific methods of selection, with, e.g., ecological selection encompassing the mechanisms of intraspecies competition, kin selection, etc., and sexual selection including those of intrasexual selection, intersexual selection (sexual dimorphism), etc. b. Evidence for biological evolution is manifold and comprises the number of data from different scientific disciplines. Within the context of this essay, five types of this evidence will be examined. Plate tectonics. The discovery of the movements of plates in the 20th century laid to rest the notion of unchangeable nature of Earth’s tectonics, contributing to an idea of nature’s propensity for change. On a more specific level, Charles Lyell’s studies on the impact of climatological and geological changes on the distribution of species, with specific emphasis on extinct flora, led the researchers to conclude that movements of large land masses lead to conversion of climates, which meant that animal and plant species had to be dynamic entities, the spatial distribution whereof changes in accordance with the changes of topography brought about by geological agents. Consequently, the changes in floras and faunas were decisively connected with the corresponding shifts of land masses, contributing to the development of an idea of ecological selection. Biogeography. The research in the connection between plate tectonics and changes in life on Earth that was referred to above has been directly connected with the research in the field of biogeography. Such scientists as Edward Forbes, Wallace and Willer Matthew conducted an extensive research in the